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1) [line 1] SHEYAREI MINCHAH
(a) When an individual who is not a Kohen offers a Korban Minchah (flour offering), a Kohen must take off a Kometz (handful), which is burned upon the Mizbe'ach.
(b) A Kometz is the amount that can be held by the middle three fingers when they are pressed upon the palm. The Kohen puts his hand in the dough or baked goods and removes one handful. The excess of dough or baked goods that sticks out is then wiped off by the thumb and the smallest finger until only the Kometz remains.
(c) The remainder of the Minchah (the Sheyarei ha'Minchah) is eaten by male Kohanim.
(d) A Minchah that is brought by the Tzibur and a Minchah offered by a Kohen are entirely burned on the Mizbe'ach

2) [line 7] KARTAVLA - a hide that has been boiled, resulting in a hard, flat surface

3) [line 14] MECHUSAR KIPURIM
(a) There are three stages in the Taharah (purification) process of a Zav, Zavah, Yoledes, and Metzora: 1. Tevilah (immersing in a Ma'ayan - for a Zav, or a Mikvah - for the others), 2. He'erev Shemesh (nightfall after the Tevilah) and 3. a Korban.
(b) The above Teme'im may not eat Terumah until nightfall after the Tevilah. They may not eat Kodshim until they have brought their Korbanos the following morning. A Tamei who has only immersed is called a Tevul Yom until nightfall. After nightfall he is called a Mechusar Kaparah until he brings his Korban.

4) [line 22] B'CHIBURIN SHANU - while they (the hands) were touching each other [the hand that was Tehorah touched Kodesh]

5) [line 10] KOL HA'POSEL BI'TERUMAH - anything that renders Terumah produce Pasul, i.e. a Sheni l'Tum'ah (see Background to Chagigah 18:15)

6) [line 21] CHIBAS HA'KODESH - The Endearment Of Kodesh
(a) The more precious an object is, the more it is guarded. It is therefore required that we guard Kodesh from Tum'ah more stringently than we guard Chulin or Terumah. For this reason, Kodesh can become Tamei even if it has never come in contact with a liquid, the usual process for making something Huchshar l'Kabel Tum'ah (see Background to Chagigah 19:4).
(b) Likewise, even Kodesh items that are inedible (such as the wood for the Mizbe'ach and Levonah -- frankincense) can become Tamei as if they were foods.
(c) According to RASHI (Pesachim 19a DH Alma) this Tum'ah of wood and frankincense of Hekdesh is only mid'Rabanan, while according to TOSFOS (ibid. DH Alma; Chulin 35a DH Ein), this Tum'ah is mid'Oraisa (see Insights to Pesachim 19a, 20a).

7) [line 23] KUSH - a spindle, the thin rod that is used to twist and wind thread
8) [line 28] YEHUDAH - the district of Yehudah, comprising the lands settled by the tribes of Yehudah and Binyamin. Yehudah was approximately the area south of the modern-day road that connects Beis Shemesh with the Jerusalem - Tel-Aviv highway, and south of the modern-day highway from the Sha'ar ha'Gai intersection to Jerusalem. Binyamin extended northward from Yehudah until the area surrounding the city of Shiloh.

9) [line 29] SHE'AS HA'GITOS VEHA'BADIM - the time of the year when grapes and olives are pressed, respectively (grapes - Gitos (winepresses); olives - Badim (olive presses)). At those times, everyone is Metaher (purifies) their utensils under the supervision of the Chachamim (RASHI to Chagigah 22a)

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