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1) WHAT WE LEARN FROM THE WORD "B'DISHO"

(a) Answer #3 (to Question 3:a, and Answer #4 to Question 2:b - Ravina): We do not need an extra verse for man to eat detached nor for animals to eat attached!

1. "Lo Sachsom Shor b'Disho" - all animals are included, we learn a Gezeirah Shavah "Shor-Shor" from Shabbos.
2. The Torah could have written 'do not thresh with (something) muzzled' - "Shor" is extra, to equate the muzzler (man) to the muzzled one (an animal).
3. Just as the muzzler eats attached, also the muzzled one; just as the muzzled one eats detached, also the muzzler!

(b) (Beraisa #1): (The Torah permits an animal to eat "B'Disho" (while threshing), and we learn to people;) threshing applies to something that grows from the ground and a worker may eat - he may eat everything that grows from the ground:

1. One who milks, churns (milk to make butter), or makes cheese does not eat, for milk does not grow from the ground.

(c) Question: Why must the Torah write "B'Disho"? We already know from "B'Cherem Re'echa"!
(d) Answer: One might have thought, the extra "Kamah" (which includes everything that grows from the ground) includes even things that do not grow from the ground - "B'Disho" teaches, this is not so
(e) (Beraisa #2): "B'Disho" - threshing is final processing, and a worker may eat - he may eat whenever he does final processing;

1. One who weeds among garlic and onions may not eat, for this is not final processing.

(f) Question: Why must the Torah write "B'Disho"? We already know from "V'El Kelyecha Lo Siten" (since he does not put in the owner's vessel, he may not eat)!
(g) Answer: The case is, he removes small garlics and onions that will never grow big (he puts them in the owner's vessel).
(h) (Beraisa #3): "B'Disho" - threshing is before final processing that is Kove'a for Ma'aser, and a worker may eat - he always eats before final processing for Ma'aser;

1. One who separates dates and figs that stuck together may not eat, for they are Kavu'im for Ma'aser.

(i) Contradiction (Beraisa): One who separates dates and figs that stuck together may eat!
(j) Answer (Rav Papa): That refers to bad dates and figs that do not ripen on the tree, they are warmed in a vessel to ripen (they are not Kavu'a for Ma'aser).
(k) (Beraisa #4): "B'Disho" - threshing is before it is Kavu'a for Chalah, and a worker may eat - he always eats food before it is Kavu'a for Chalah;

1. One who kneads or arranges the dough may not eat, for a dough is Kavu'a for Chalah.

(l) Question: Why must we teach this? Since it is Kavu'a for Ma'aser, we already know that he may not eat!
(m) Answer #1: The Beraisa teaches for Chutz la'Aretz, where there is no Ma'aser.
(n) Rejection: Nor is there Chalah in Chutz la'Aretz!
(o) Answer #2: The Beraisa teaches the law during the 7 years of conquest and 7 years of division of Eretz Yisrael;

1. During those years Chalah applied, Ma'aser did not.

(p) Rejection: Permission for a worker to eat does not depend on whether or not the produce actually must be tithed, rather, whether the final processing has been done. (The final processing for each species is the same as what is Kove'a (produce of that species that must be tithed) for Ma'aser.)
(q) Answer #3 (Ravina): Beraisos #3 and #4 are extracts from one Beraisa - it says, threshing is before it is Kavu'a for Ma'aser and (if it applies) Chalah, and a worker may eat - he always eats until produce is Kavu'a for Ma'aser and (if it applies, also) Chalah (even if it is Kavu'a for Ma'aser).

(a) Question: May a worker roast produce (Rashi - to make it tastier; Tosfos - if it is unfitting to eat without roasting) and eat it?

1. Is this like eating grapes with something to season them (which is forbidden (Tosfos - if it is hard to eat them by themselves)), or not?

(b) Answer #1 (Beraisa): An employer may give his workers wine in order that they will not eat many grapes; workers may dip grapes in brine, in order that they will eat many.

(c) Rejection: We knew that it is permitted to make oneself fitting to eat much - the question is only if he may make the food more fitting.
(d) Answer #2 (Beraisa): Workers may eat grapes at the ends of the rows of the vineyard, but they may not roast them.
(e) Rejection: Perhaps it is only forbidden because it detracts from his work, but if his wife or children roast them, he may eat them!
(f) Answer #3 (Beraisa): A worker may not roast, put in the ground (to warm the produce) or break it on a rock and eat, but he may break it in his hands.
(g) Rejection: Those are forbidden because they detract from his work.

1. Support: That is the only reason to forbid breaking it on a rock - it does not get more fitting!
2. Rejection: It becomes a bit more fitting.

(h) Answer #4 (Beraisa): Workers harvesting figs, dates, grapes or olives may eat without tithing, for the Torah permitted them;

1. They may not eat with their bread unless the employer permitted them, nor may they dip them in salt.

(i) Rejection: Dipping in salt is surely like eating them with something else, this is no proof to roasting them.

(a) Contradiction (Beraisa): A worker hired to dig under olive trees and cover the roots may not eat; if he was hired to harvest, he may eat without tithing, for the Torah permitted them;

1. If he stipulated with the employer (R. Chananel - to eat a certain number), he may eat one at a time, he may not (gather and) eat two at a time (the stipulation is like a sale, if he would gather two together he would have to tithe them (Rashba - and he has no permission to tithe)).
2. He may not dip them in salt and eat.
3. Question: In which case is it forbidden to dip in salt?

i. Version #1: If when he stipulated - he may eat (one at a time) any way he wants!
ii. Version #2 (Ra'avad): If when he stipulated - may he eat any way he wants without concern for Ma'aser?!

4. Answer: Rather, when he did not stipulate.

(b) Answer #1 (Abaye): Dipping in salt is Kove'a for Ma'aser in Eretz Yisrael, not in Chutz la'Aretz.
(c) Objection (Rava): If it is Kove'a for Ma'aser in Eretz Yisrael, it also is Kove'a in Chutz la'Aretz (in those places where Chachamim enacted Ma'aser)!
(d) Answer #2 (Rava): Both in Eretz Yisrael and Chutz la'Aretz, salting one at a time (and eating it) is not Kove'a for Ma'aser, salting two (together) is Kove'a for Ma'aser;

1. If he stipulated - whether or not he salts, he may eat one at a time, he may not gather two together;
2. If he did not stipulate: if he does not salt, he may eat two (or any number) at a time;

i. If he salts, he may eat one at a time, not two at a time.

(e) (Ra'avad - Abaye and Rava agree that even when dipping in salt is forbidden, this is only on account of Ma'aser, not because it helps him eat more - all the more so, roasting is permitted! Most Rishonim - the question about roasting is not resolved.)
(f) Question: How do we know that salting two at a time is Kove'a for Ma'aser?
(g) Answer (Rav Masnah): "Ki Kibetzam ke'Amir Gorenah:"