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1a) [line 1] GAGO - his roof
b) [line 1] CHATZEIRO - his courtyard
c) [line 1] KARPIFO - his Karpaf, an enclosed area that is located outside of a settlement, used for storage and other such purposes. Since it is fully enclosed, a Karpaf is a Reshus ha'Yachid even though it was not enclosed for residential purposes.

2) [line 9] AMINA, KI NAYIM V'SHACHIV RAV, AMAR L'HAI SHEMA'ATA - I say that Rav must have been dozing off or sleeping when he stated this teaching (see Insights)

3) [line 12] ANA PATIMNA, V'AT SHAKALT!? - I fattened it up, and you are taking [my money for] it!?

4) [line 15] MAH LI KATLAH KULAH, MAH LI KATLAH PALGA? - What difference is there if he kills it or wounds it? (lit. if he kills it entirely or if he kills it partially)

5) [line 17] YUKRA V'ZULA - appreciation in market value, and depreciation in market value

6) [line 20] CHAVISA D'CHAMRA - a barrel of wine
7) [line 22] TAVRAH - he broke it
8) [line 24] (K'SHA'ATAH AMDAH) [KI'SHE'AS HA'AMADAH] B'DIN - (the letter "Heh" belongs to the second word; this error has been corrected in recent printings of the Gemara, such as Wagshal and Oz v'Hadar) like its value at the time the verdict is passed (see Insights)

9) [last line] V'CHUMSHO OLEH LO BI'CHEFEILO - and the fifth that he owes (as a penalty for swearing falsely that the item was stolen from him) is covered by the Tashlumei Kefel which he must pay (for stealing the item) (the Gemara later explains how this works; as Rashi explains, the Chomesh serves as an atonement for making a false Shevu'ah, and thus, when the Kefel is the same value as the Chomesh, the Kefel can acquire that atonement as well, see RASHI)

10) [line 1] "[...V'SHILAM OSO] B'ROSHO, VA'CHAMISHISAV [YOSIF ALAV; LA'ASHER HU LO YITNENU B'YOM ASHMASO. V'ES ASHAMO YAVI...]" - "[Or all that about which he has sworn falsely; he shall restore it] in full, and [shall add] a fifth part [more to it, and give it to him to whom it belongs, in the day that he admits his guilt. And he shall bring his Asham (guilt offering) to HaSh-m, a ram without blemish out of the flock, of the proper value, as a Korban Asham, to the Kohen.]" (Vayikra 5:24-25)

11a) [line 1] MAMON HA'MISHTALEM BA'ROSH, MOSIF CHOMESH - when the Ganav only needs to pay back the principle (and not Kefel), then he must add a Chomesh (for swearing falsely)
b) [line 2] MAMON SHE'EIN MISHTALEM BA'ROSH - when the Ganav needs to pay not only the Keren, but Kefel as well, then he does not add a Chomesh (for swearing falsely)

12a) [line 24] "ES" PASKEI KERA - the word "Es" separates the verse into two parts
b) [line 25] "V'ES" ARVEI KERA - the addition of the letter "Vav" to the word "Es" bonds (mixes) the two parts of the verse together

14a) [line 30] TALEH - a sheep, within its first year
b) [line 30] AYIL - a ram
15a) [line 31] EGEL - a calf
b) [line 31] SHOR - a bull

16) [line 31] NA'ASEH SHINUY B'YADO U'KENA'AH (SHINUY RESHUS; SHINUY MA'ASEH; SHINUY HA'SHEM)
(a) A thief becomes liable for a stolen item (such that if it is destroyed, he must reimburse the owner) when he makes a Ma'aseh Kinyan on the item (a formal Halachically-binding act denoting a change in ownership). Similarly, when he makes a Ma'aseh Kinyan on the item, he acquires it to the extent that if the owner gives up hope of ever getting it back, and the object becomes "changed" (Shinuy) from its original state, he need not return the object itself, but rather its value.
(b) The Amora'im argue with regard to the methods with which a thief acquires a stolen object such that he may return its value (and he need not return the object itself).

1. YE'USH (Giving up hope) - There is an opinion that "Ye'ush" alone is enough to grant the thief ownership of the stolen object. Ye'ush means that the owner gives up hope of ever getting back his object from the thief, and verbally acknowledges that the loss is irretrievable ("Vai Li l'Chisaron Kis").
2. SHINUY MA'ASEH (A "change" in the use of the object) - There are opinions that Ye'ush alone is *not* enough for the thief to acquire the object, unless the thief effects a "change" (Shinuy) in the object. This applies even to a small Shinuy that does not entirely transform the object, such as affixing the object with clay in a certain place. However, the Shinuy must be irreversible, i.e. it is not "Chozer li'Veriyaso."
3. SHINUY HA'SHEM (A "change" in the object's title or description) - Similarly, according to the latter opinions, Ye'ush grants the thief ownership of the stolen object together with a Shinuy ha'Shem. Shinuy ha'Shem means that the classification of the item has changed and it is henceforth called by a different name, such as when pieces of wood that were stolen and used to cover the roof of a Sukah become called "Sechach."
4. SHINUY RESHUS (A "change" in ownership) - These Amora'im also rule that Ye'ush works together with a Shinuy Reshus. When a thief sells or gives the object to another person after Ye'ush, that person acquires full ownership of the object, and is not required to return it to the previous owner.
5. SHINUY (Transformation of the object) - If a significant change is effected in the object such that it no longer serves its original purpose, the thief acquires the object to the extent that he may keep it and return its value even *before* Ye'ush. This is learned from the verse, "v'Heishiv Es ha'Gezeilah Asher Gazal." Only when the object is "Asher Gazal," - "as he stole [it]," is the thief required to return the object itself (Bava Kama 66a).

19) [line 40] "...V'EILEI TZONCHA LO ACHALTI." - "[In these past twenty years that I have been with you; your ewes and your female goats have not miscarried their young,] and the rams of your flock I have not eaten." (Bereishis 31:38) - After Yakov and his family left Lavan's house secretly, Lavan pursued them and caught up to them in the Hills of Gil'ad. Lavan accused Yakov of sneaking away and stealing his gods. Yakov defended himself and reproached Lavan for the unbelievably bad treatment that he received while he lived in Lavan's house. To refute the claim that he stole any item of Lavan's possessions, Yakov related how trustworthy was his service while he worked for Lavan. As part of his defence, Yakov claimed that he did not eat any rams that belonged to Lavan. It is possible to infer that he *did* eat young sheep, were it not for the rule that "a one-year-old sheep can be called an 'Ayil'."

20) [line 43] B'ESNANAH (ESNAN ZONAH)
An animal given to a harlot for her wage may not be brought as a sacrifice, as stated in Devarim 23:19.

21) [line 45] GURYON DEME'ASPURAK - Guryon, who came from Isporak, possibly a place on the Palus Maeotis, the modern-day Sea of Azov

22a) [last line] "GAM" - the word "Gam," "both," in the verse "Lo Savi Esnan Zonah u'Mechir Kelev Beis HaSh-m El-kecha l'Chol Neder, Ki To'avas HaSh-m *Gam* Sheneihem" - "You shall not bring the wage of a harlot, or the price of a dog, into the house of HaSh-m your El-kim for any vow; for *both* of these are an abomination to HaSh-m your El-kim." (Devarim 23:19)
b) [last line] "HEM" - the part of the word "Shenei*hem*," "these," in the same verse

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