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Bava Kama 13
1) [line 6] SHELAMIM
(a) A person may offer a Korban in the Beis ha'Mikdash as a voluntary
sacrifice (Olas Nedavah), as it states in Vayikra 1:2. Voluntary Korbanos
may be Olos (which are burned entirely on the Mizbe'ach, see Vayikra 1:2-17,
6:1-6), Shelamim (parts of which are eaten, see Vayikra 3:1-17, 7:11-21,
7:28-37) or Menachos (flour offerings, see Vayikra 2:1-13, 6:7-11, 7:9-10).
(b) Korbenos Shelamim that are offered by an individual may be brought from
male or female sheep, cows or goats. They are Kodshim Kalim, and may
therefore be slaughtered in the entire Azarah (and not only in its northern
part). Before its slaughter, the owner presses his hands on the head of the
animal (Semichah). The blood of the Shelamim is cast on the northeastern and
southwestern corners of the Mizbe'ach (Shenayim she'Hen Arba). Nesachim (a
meal offering consisting of flour and oil and a wine libation) are brought
as part of the Korban (Bamidbar 15:3-12). The meal offering is completely
burned on the Mizbe'ach and the wine is poured into one of the Sefalim (the
silver libation pipes located at the top of the southwestern corner of the
Mizbe'ach) (RAMBAM and RA'AVAD Hilchos Ma'aseh ha'Korbanos 2:1). The amount
of flour, oil and wine needed depends upon the animal offered, as specified
in Bamidbar (ibid.).
(c) The Chazeh (breast) and Shok (thigh) of the Shelamim were given to the
Kohen (Vayikra 7:34). Certain fats and other parts of the Korban were
offered on the Mizbe'ach (Vayikra 3:3-4, 9-10, 14-15). The owner and his
guests (men or women) eat the rest of the Korban inside the borders of the
city of Yerushalayim. The meat may be cooked in any fashion and is eaten for
two days and the intervening night.
2) [line 10] SEMICHAH / NESACHIM / TENUFAS CHAZEH VA'SHOK - see previous
entry
3) [line 13] MA'ASER (MA'ASER BEHEMAH)
(a) Every year, a person must collect all of the kosher animals that were
born during that year into a corral. As they leave the corral through a
narrow opening, one by one, the owner counts them and marks every tenth one
as Ma'aser Behemah. The Mitzvah of Ma'aser Behemah is stated in Vayikra
(27:32), "v'Chol Ma'asar Bakar va'Tzon, Kol Asher Ya'avor Tachas ha'Shavet,
ha'Asiri Yiheyeh Kodesh la'Sh-m." - "And all of the herds and flocks shall
be tithed as they are counted under the rod, every tenth one being
consecrated to HaSh-m."
(b) Ma'aser Behemah is eaten by its owner. If it has no Mum (blemish or
defect), it is offered as a Korban on the Mizbe'ach and eaten by its owner
in Yerushalayim. If it has a Mum, the owner may slaughter and eat it
anywhere.
(c) If one designated the tenth animal as Ma'aser Behemah, no other animal
can become Ma'aser Behemah afterwards. However, if two animals exited the
corral at the same time and the owner designated both as Ma'aser (the tenth
animal), both become Kodesh (one is considered Ma'aser Behemah, and the
other must be brought as a Shelamim; see Rashi). In addition, Ma'aser
Behemah has the feature that it takes effect even in error. If the tenth
animal was not called "tenth" but the animals that were next to the tenth
animal were called "tenth," then they, too, become consecrated, according to
all opinions. Beis Shamai cite a case where the owner called the ninth
animal "tenth," the tenth, "ninth" and the eleventh, "tenth." The ninth
animal is put out to pasture and may be eaten after it develops a Mum
(blemish). The tenth animal is brought as the Korban Ma'aser Behemah. The
eleventh animal is brought as a Korban Shelamim (Mishnah Bechoros 60a).
4) [line 14] "LO SIFDEH" - "You shall not redeem." (Bamidbar 18:17)
5) [line 15] "LO YIGA'EL" - "It shall not be redeemed." (Vayikra 27:33)
6) [line 20] KADOSH ME'RECHEM - it is holy from the time it exits the womb
7) [line 27] NECHASIM SHE'EIN BAHEM DIN ME'ILAH - property for which one
does not bring a Korban Me'ilah when he uses it for his own benefit. This
includes Chulin and Kodshim Kalim.
8a) [line 29] BESARAN - their flesh
b) [line 30] EIMUREIHEN - the fats and other parts of the Korban that are
burned on the Mizbe'ach. They are: 1. the layer of fat covering the
stomachs; 2. all other fat attached to the stomachs; 3. the two kidneys; 4.
the fat on the kidneys; 5. The Yoseres, which is either the diaphragm
(RASHI, RADAK) or a lobe of the liver (RAV HAI GA'ON) (Vayikra 3:3-4).
13b---------------------------------------13b
9) [line 2] TODAH / LACHMAH
(a) The Todah (thanksgiving offering) is a form of Shelamim that is eaten
for only one day and one night (Vayikra 7:15). Korbenos Shelamim that are
offered by an individual may be brought from male or female sheep, cows or
goats. They are Kodshim Kalim, and may therefore be slaughtered in the
entire Azarah (and not only in its northern part). Before its slaughter, the
owner presses his hands on the head of the animal (Semichah). The blood of
the Shelamim is cast on the northeastern and southwestern corners of the
Mizbe'ach (Shenayim she'Hen Arba). Nesachim (a meal offering consisting of
flour and oil and a wine libation) are brought as part of the Korban
(Bamidbar 15:3-12). The meal offering is completely burned on the Mizbe'ach
and the wine is poured into one of the Sefalim (the silver libation pipes
located at the top of the southwest corner of the Mizbe'ach) (RAMBAM and
RA'AVAD Hilchos Ma'aseh ha'Korbanos 2:1). The amount of flour, oil and wine
needed depends upon the animal offered, as specified in Bamidbar ibid.
(b) An animal that was sacrificed as a Todah was brought together with forty
loaves of bread, ten each of the following:
1. Chalos Matzos - Matzos mixed with oil;
2. Rekikin - flat Matzos saturated with oil;
3. Soles Murbeches - Matzos made of boiled flour mixed with oil;
4. Loaves of leavened bread. (Vayikra 7:12-13)
(c) One loaf of each type of bread was given to the Kohen who performed the
Zerikas ha'Dam of the Todah (Vayikra 7:14). (These four loaves were known as
*Terumas Lachmei Todah*.) The Chazeh (breast) and Shok (thigh) of the
Shelamim were given to the Kohen (Vayikra 7:34). Certain fats and other
parts of the Korban were offered on the Mizbe'ach (Vayikra 3:3-4, 9-10,
14-15). The owner and his guests (men or women) eat the rest of the Korban
inside the borders of the city of Yerushalayim. The meat may be cooked in
any fashion and is eaten on the day that it is slaughtered and the following
night.
10) [line 6] HECHSHEIRA D'ZEVACH HU - the Lechem is a function of the
Korban. Therefore, we would think that since the Nizak actually is getting
the Korban, he should have to bring the Lechem
11) [line 13] ZEH OMER "SHORCHA HIZIK," V'ZEH OMER "SHORCHA HIZIK" - damage
was done by one of a number of oxen and each owner claims that it was the
other's ox that did the damage; this one says, "Your Shor damaged," and the
other one says, "Your Shor damaged."
12) [line 18] HEFKER - an ownerless object
13) [line 25] "V'HU'AD BI'VE'ALAV, [VELO YISHMERENU,] V'HEMIS ISH O
ISHAH..." - "[But if the ox was wont to gore with its horn in the past,] and
its owner had been warned, [but he had not watched it properly,] and it
killed a man or a woman; [the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall
pay Kofer (lit. be put to death)" (Shemos 21:29)
14a) [line 26] HA'AMADAH V'DIN - the time that they stand in court
b) [line 27] GEMAR DIN - the announcement of the verdict
15) [line 43] NIFRETZAH BA'LAILAH - the barn wall broke down unexpectedly at
night when the owner is not liable to know about it
16) [line 43] PARTZUHA LISTIN - bandits broke open the barn to allow the ox
to escape
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