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Berachos 36
1) [line 22] A'KARA CHAYA - on a raw gourd/pumpkin
2) [line 22] KIMCHA D'SA'AREI - barley flour
3) [line 27] ZAMIS - (O.F. salmuire) a) brine (RASHI); b) soup (ARUCH); c)
the foam that collects at the top of a pot of cooked food (RAV HAI GAON);
d) salt water (TUR)
4) [line 29] V'KASHE L'KUKYANEI - it is injurious in that it brings on
parasite worms
5) [line 30] KORA - the white heart or terminal bud of a palm tree
6) [line 33] SHINENA - well-learned person
7) [line 33] TZENON - radish
8) [line 35] PUGLA - a radish before it hardens, the soft tuber of the
radish
9) [line 34] TZELAF - caper-berry bush
10) [line 35] NITZPAH - identical with Tzelaf
11) [line 35] TEMAROS - date-like leaves that are soft and edible
12) [line 35] EVYONOS - caper-berry
13) [line 36] KAFRISIN - the soft peel around the caper berry
14) [line 37] SHUSA - sproutings of the caper-berry bush, i.e. the leaves,
Temaros, Evyonos and Kafrisin
15) [line 38] ORLAH
In the first three years after a fruit tree is planted, its fruits are
called Orlah and are Asurim b'Hana'ah, as it states in Vayikra 19:23. If a
person eats a k'Zayis of Orlah fruit, he receives Malkos. Deriving benefit
from the fruit juice is forbidden also, but is not punishable by Malkos,
except in the case of wine and olive oil.
*16*) [line 47] MA'ASER ILAN - That is, in Chutz la'Aretz. The Rabanan
instituted Ma'aser in certain places in Chutz la'Aretz which were near
Eretz Yisrael, or were centers of Judaism (Rambam, Hil Terumos 1:1)
17) [last line] YORED V'LOKE'ACH - The Halachah of Safek Orlah in Chutz
la'Aretz is more lenient than in Syria. The Torah-observant Jew is allowed
to buy produce from a farmer who is suspected of selling Orlah fruits, as
long as he doesn't actually see him picking from the trees that are less
than three years old. In Syria, Safek Orlah fruits are only permitted if
they are already picked (RASHI Kedushin 38b DH u'Bilvad)
36b---------------------------------------36b
18) [line 3] SHOMER
A Shomer refers to those parts of fruits which serve to protect them (e.g.
peels and skin). They also have the Din of Orlah (see above #15). A Shomer
combines with the food to make up the requisite k'Beitzah in order to
receive Tum'ah. (Uktzin 2:3)
19a) [line 9] PITMA SHEL RIMON - a hair-like flower which is surrounded by
the crown-like protrusion at the top of a pomegranate (RASHI); alt. the
point of a pomegranate, which lies diametrically opposite its stem
b) [line 9] NETZ - the rind of the pomegranate (RASHI); alt. the
hair-like flower that surrounds the Pitma and which is surrounded by the
crown-like protrusion at the top of a pomegranate
c) [line 9] MITZTAREFES [L'K'BEITZAH L'TUMAS OCHLIN]
All foods become Tamei if they touch a source of Tum'ah, but only after
they first become wet. From then on, even after they dry, they can still
become Tamei. Seven liquids can enable foods to become Tamei: water, dew,
oil, wine, milk, blood and honey.
The food can only become Tamei if the owner of the food was pleased that
his food became wet. This is learned from the Pasuk (Vayikra 11:38) "v'Chi
Yutan Mayim Al Zera..." ("If water has been placed on seeds and then the
dead body [of a Sheretz] fell upon them, the seeds are Tamei".) By Torah
law, the minimal amount of food that is able to become Tamei and make other
foods Tamei is a k'Beitzah (see Insights to Chulin 25:1).
20) [line 17] MASCHELEI - the calyx (outer case) which surrounds a date in
its early stage of development
21) [line 19] KUFRA - a date in its early stage of development
22) [line 21] SEMADAR - a grape in its budding stage
23) [line 25] SHEVI'IS
(a) The Torah requires that farmers desist from working the land every
seventh year, as described in Vayikra 25:1-7. The fruits that grow during
the seventh (Shevi'is) year are holy to the extent that (1) they must be
considered ownerless. Anyone may come in to any field and pick the fruit
that he intends to eat. (2) The fruits may not be bought and sold in a
normal fashion. (3) The Torah also requires that they be eaten in the
normal way for each fruit.
(b) The Shemitah year is meant to teach the Jewish people to rely on HaSh-m
for their sustenance, a fact that is not always clear to them during the
six years in which they work their own fields.
24) [line 26] MISHE'YASHRISHU - from when the carob fruits appear as chains
25) [line 27] MISHE'YEGAR'U - when they grow to the size of the white bean
26) [line 27] MISHE'YANITZU - from when the flower starts to open
27) [line 28] MISHE'YOTZI'U - from when they produce fruit
*28*) [line 31] U'KETANI, SHE'AR KOL HA'ILANOS MISHE'YOTZI'U - The Gemara
means to ask that tiny Evyonos are also called fruit, so their rinds (the
Kafrisin) should be called Shomer, according to Rava.
29) [line 36] PIRCHA D'VITISA - the rind of the caper-berry (RASHI)
30) [line 42] PILPELEI - peppercorns
31) [line 44] ZANGEVILA - ginger
32) [line 49] RETIVTA - moist
b) [line 49] YABESHTA - dry
33) [line 50] HIMALTA - (O.F. letuarie) a medicinal powder made of sweet
herbs; alt. ginger (ARUCH)
34) [line 51] BEI HINDEVA'EI - India (possibly the land of the Kassites in
the near East. The Kassites were an ancient dynastic family who lived in
Babylonia, and are known to have ruled between 1761 and 1185 B.C.E.)
35) [line 52] CHAVITZ KEDEIRAH - a dish of flour, honey, and oil that
congeals in a pot
36) [line 52] DAISA - a dish of pounded wheat, grits
37) [line 54] SEMIDA - fine flour
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