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prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Jerusalem
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Bechoros 27
BECHOROS 27 - dedicated by Hagaon Rav Mordechai Rabin of London, now living
in Yerushalayim.
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Questions
1)
(a) Despite the previous Halachah (forbidding a Yisrael to allow a Kohen, a
Levi or a Yisrael to assist him, in order to receive the Matnos Kehunah
... ), the Beraisa concludes that by all of them, the owner has Tovas
Hana'ah - the right to give the Matnos Kehunah ... to whoever he pleases,
and even to accept a small amount of money for the privilege.
(b) The solitary example the Tana gives to explain this is - where a Yisrael
had just designated Terumah from his crops, when another Yisrael meets him
and offers him a Sela to give it to his daughter's son, who is a Kohen.
(c) He did not also present a case of Tovas Hana'ah by a Bechor - because it
is Kedushas Damim (meaning that the Kohen would be permitted to sell the
Basar of the Bechor after the Zerikas ha'Dam) to a Yisrael, who will not be
obligated to eat it as the Kohen would have done (roasted and with mustard),
leading the Kohen to believe that the Sela of Tovas Hana'ah has taken it out
of its Kedushah, and that he can therefore do likewise.
(d) Tovas Hana'ah does apply to Terumah - because it is Kedushas ha'Guf
(meaning that there is no way that a Yisrael will be allowed to eat it) in
which case, the Kohen will not make such a mistake.
2)
(a) Rava rules - that Terumas Chutz la'Aretz (from the countries that are
close to Eretz Yisrael) is not subject to the above prohibition of 'Mesaye'a
be'Veis ha'Geranos (because it is only mi'de'Rabbanan).
(b) Rav Chama subsequently give his Terumah - to his Shamash (who was a
Kohen), even though, in Eretz Yisrael, this would be forbidden (see Rabeinu
Gershom).
(c) According to Shmuel, Terumas Chutz la'Aretz is Bateil be'Rov - and does
not need a hundred and one to become Bateil, like Terumas Eretz Yisrael.
(d) Rabah (who was a Kohen) went even further - in that he would be Mevatel
it Lechatchilah (which is forbidden by Terumah d'Oraysa), and eat it when he
was Tamei.
3)
(a) Rav Huna b'rei de'Rav Yehoshua - used to pour one bottle of his Terumas
Chutz la'Aretz wine into a jar containing two bottles of Chulin wine (in
order to be Mevatel it). Then after pouring from that jar one bottle of wine
for regular use, he would pour another bottle of Terumah wine into the jar,
and so on, until he had been Mevatel all his Terumah wine.
(b) Shmuel restricted the Isur of Terumas Chutz la'Aretz to - someone whose
Tum'ah emanated from his body (e.g. a Ba'al Keri), but not to a Tamei Meis
and suchlike.
(c) Touching it, he said - is in any case permitted.
4)
(a) Ravina extrapolated from Shmuel's latter ruling - that a Nidah is
permitted to prepare her dough ...
(b) ... and to then give it to a Kohen Katan (who has never had an
emission) to eat.
(c) Even a grown-up Kohen may be included in Kohen Katan however - as long
as he Toveled in a Mikvah (see Rashash).
(d) If there is no Kohen Katan available - then one separates a small piece
of dough as Chalah and burns it in the oven, before taking a second dough
and giving it to a Kohen Gadol (which does not declare Chalah), so that the
Din of Chalah should not be forgotten.
5)
(a) Rav Nachman, Rav Amram and Rami bar Chama were traveling on a ship when
a woman asked them a She'eilah. Rav Amram was not present at that moment -
because he had gone to the other end of the ship in order to relieve
himself.
(b) She asked them whether a Tamei Meis who has Toveled- needs to wait for
nightfall before eating Terumas Chutz la'Aretz (or not).
(c) Initially, Rav Nachman wanted to permit eating it immediately - on the
grounds that since nowadays, there is no Haza'ah, there is no need to wait
for nightfall either.
(d) When Rami bar Chama (who was much younger than the other two men) mean,
asked whether one should not show respect for the old man - he meant that
perhaps one should wait for Rav Amram to return, to hear his opinion, before
issuing a ruling.
6)
(a) Meanwhile, Rav Amram returned. He quoted Rav, but added that the
Halachah is not like him. Rav said that nowadays, a Tamei Meis may Tovel and
eat Terumas Chutz la'Aretz immediately (like Rav Nachman had said).
(b) And he based this ruling on a statement by Mar Zutra in the name of Rav
Sheishes - who said the same about a Tamei Sheretz (who does not require
Haza'ah in the first place), yet the Halachah is not like him.
27b---------------------------------------27b
Questions
7)
(a) We extrapolate from the Lashon of the Mishnah 'Nolad Bo Mum be'Soch
*Shenaso*' - that in the realm of Bechor, the year is determined by the
animal's birth-date, rather than by the calendar (i.e. Rosh Hashanah).
(b) Rav Yehudah Amar Rav however, learns this from the Pasuk "Lifnei Hashem
Elokecha Sochlenu Shanah be'Shanah"- which implies that the animal is within
the first year of its birth, even though a second year has begun (i.e. Rosh
Hashanah has passed).
(c) de'Bei Rav learns from this Pasuk - that the Korban Bechor may be eaten
for two days (the last day of year one and the first day of year two) and
the intervening night.
(d) de'Bei Rav, on the other hand, agrees with Rav Acha bar Ya'akov - who
learns that from the Pasuk "Keves ben Shenaso" - implying 'its year', and
not the calendar year.
8)
(a) Rav Yehudah Amar Rav learns from the Pasuk "u'Vesaram Yih'yeh Lach
ka'Chazeih ha'Tenufah ... " - that the Korban Bechor, like the Shelamim, can
be eaten for two days.
(b) de'Bei Rav counters that - by establishing "Chazeih ha'Tenufah and the
Shok ha'Terumah" as that of the Todah (which can only be eaten for one day
and a night [due to the principle 'Tafasta Merubah Lo Tafasta', meaning that
one always learns the smaller Chidush]).
(c) Rav Yehudah Amar Rav refutes that suggestion on account of the words
"Yih'yeh Lach" - which clearly comes to add an additional 'Havayah' (i.e.
the extra day of the Shelamim).
9)
(a) Tana de'Bei Rav maintains that "u'Vesaram Yih'yeh Lach" is needed to
teach us that a Bechor Ba'al-Mum must be given to the Kohen. Rav Yehudah
Amar Rav extrapolates the same thing - from "u'Vesaram" (in the plural,
implying that the Basar of both a Bechor Tam and of a Bechor Ba'al-Mum go to
the Kohen).
(b) Tana de'Bei Rav interprets "u'Vesaram" - to refer to the Bechor Tam of
all the Yisre'elim.
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