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1) [line 10] SHILYA - placenta (common translation); fetal membranes in which the fetus forms, which are attached to the placenta (RASHI Berachos 4a; TOSFOS Nidah 18a DH Shilya and elsewhere in the Rishonim)

2) [line 13] NIMOK HA'VELAD - the offspring disintegrated
3) [line 15] MI'GUF ATUM BA'AS - it came from a shapeless, limbless mass

4) [line 19] SEFEIKO ASUR; UV'NIMTZA, HALECH ACHAR HA'ROV (ROV V'KAVU'A)
When in doubt as to the nature of an item, we normally follow the Rov (majority rule) and assume that the item is of the same halachic status as the majority of such items. For instance, if a piece of meat is found lying on the street (or in the hands of a non-Jew in the street), and most of the meat in the town is kosher, it can be safely assumed that the meat is kosher. This is learned from "Acharei Rabim l'Hatos" (Shmos 23:2).

If, however, the nature of the item was in doubt while it was still "in its place," or Kavu'a, (i.e. it was not separated from other items of its kind), we do not follow the Rov instead we remain in doubt as to the status of the item. For instance, if a person buys meat in a store and then forgets whether he bought it at a kosher or non-kosher store, we cannot assume that the meat is kosher just because most of the stores are kosher. We are questioning its status while it was still in its proper place (= the store), before it was separated from the other pieces of meat in the store. (If the meat was found in the hands of a Jew on the street it is also called Kavu'a, since the halachic question began at the time the Jew who is holding it purchased the meat from the store, and at that time the meat was still in its proper place.)

5) [line 8] D'IKA CHAZAKAH BA'HADEI - there is a contradicting Chazakah
6) [line 12] DARKO SHEL TINOK L'TAPE'ACH - children are in the habit of playing with Sheratzim in the garbage heap (RASHI); with dough (TOSFOS)

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