ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Jerusalem
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Eruvin 80
ERUVIN 80 - sponsored by the Jesselson Foundation
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Questions
1)
(a) If the Sheli'ach (of Eruv Chatzeros) is placing *his own* fruit, he
does not need to inform his co-residents what he is doing - because of the
principle 'Zachin le'Adam she'Lo Befanav' (meaning even without his
knowledge).
(b) But if he is using *their* fruit, he is obligated to inform them -
because, as we have already learnt, if the owner of the fruit is
particular about the other residents using his food, then the Eruv is not
valid.
(c) The Sabi de'Pumbedisa interpret a 'Mashehu' - as being a Tefach.
2)
(a) Shmuel holds that Shituf Mavu'os requires Zikuy, Eruv Techumin does
not - because both are Mishnahs (the former, our Mishnah, the latter,
implied in the Mishnah on 82a).
(b) Rav's source is Rebbi Chiya, who is strict by Eruv Techumin, and
requires Zikuy.
(c) On the other hand, he holds that Shituf does *not* need Zikuy in spite
of our Mishnah, which holds that it *does* - because Rav is considered a
Tana, who has the power to argues with Tana'im.
(d) Rebbi Chiya might have also been strict with Rebbi Oshaya's daughter -
because the Eruv Techumin prepared by her mother-in-law had been placed
without her consent (and Eruv Techumin, which restricts the participant
from going in the opposite direction, requires his knowledge and consent).
3)
(a) Rav Nachman concludes - that both Shituf Mavu'os and Eruv Techumin
require Zikuy.
(b) Rav Yosef maintains that Rav Nachman could not have heard Shmuel's
statement ('Eruv Tavshilin Tzarich Lezakos') - because, if he had, he
would not have asked the Sha'aleh.
(c) This is not comparable, Abaye explains, to Eruv Techumin, where Rav
Nachman ruled 'Ein Tzarich Lezakos', despite the fact that he knew that
Shmuel ruled 'Tzarich' - because, in that case, Rav Nachman was ruling
like Rav, who holds 'Tzarich Lezakos' whereas by Eruv Tavshilin, where Rav
does not issue a ruling, Rav Nachman would not have ignored the express
ruling of Shmuel.
4)
(a) When that non-Jewish guardian of the weapons refused to rent his
Reshus for an Eruv - Rebbi Zeira instructed them to rent his Reshus from
his wife (even though it is was against her husband's wishes).
(b) Acquiring an Eruv from a man's wife without his consent - only applies
when otherwise, his non-participation will forbid them to carry, but not
where it will not (e.g. if he lives in a Chatzer between two Mavu'os -
when he will not forbid the residents of the *one* Mavoy, if he is used to
using the *other*).
(c) Shmuel also said 'Echad mi'B'nei Mavoy she'Ragil Lehishtatef im B'nei
Mavoy, ve'Lo Nishtatef, B'nei Mavoy Nichnasin Le'toch Beiso, ve'Notlin
Shitufan Mimenu Ba'al Korcho' - a statement which incorporates both of the
above statements.
(d) 'Kofin Oso La'asos Lechi ve'Koreh le'Mavoy' - could be because the
Lechi or the Koreh are necessary for the protection of the city; it does
not however, follow, that we will also force him to participate in the
Eruv Chatzeros (like Shmuel).
80b---------------------------------------80b
Questions
5)
Even though Rav Chiya bar Ashi permits wood from an Asheirah to be used as
a Lechi, it does not follow that he will also permit a Koreh (like Resh
Lakish) - because, unlike a Lechi, a Koreh requires a Shiur, and by a beam
of an Asheirah we say 'Ketusi Michtas Shi'ureih' (it is as if it has
already been burnt, which therefore has no size).
6)
(a) 'Nisma'et ha'Ochel, Mosif u'Mezakeh, ve'Ein Tzarich Lehodi'a' -
because, since they agreed initially, we can assume that they will not
mind if one merely makes up the missing Shiur now.
(b) If the Tana is speaking about replacing the missing food with the
*same kind* of food - then why does it confine the Din to 'Nisma'et'
(depleted)? Why should it not apply even if the food was completely
finished?
(c) The Gemara does indeed, in one answer, establish our Mishnah in this
way - and it changes the text accordingly, to read not 'Nisma'et' but
'Nismatmet' (meaning 'finished off').
(d) According to the Gemara's second answer, the Mishnah specifically says
'Nisma'et' - because we are speaking about re-placing it with *different
kinds* of food, which does not require his knowledge only because the food
had only become depleted (but had it become completely finished, then
replacing them with different kinds of food would have required their
knowledge, as the Beraisa specifically writes).
7)
(a) Rebbi Yehudah maintains that, whereas Eruvei Techumin needs the
knowledge of all the participants, Eruvei Chatzeros does not - our Tana
does not differentiate; according to him, both require their knowledge.
(b) We might have thought that even though the Chachamim in our Mishnah
disagree with Rebbi Yehudah, and hold that that applies only with regard
to a Chatzer situated between two Mavu'os, where *that Chatzer* may just
want to combine with the *second* Mavoy, in which case it will be to their
disadvantage to combine with the Eruv of the first. Perhaps though, they
will agree with Rebbi Yehudah in the Mishnah on 81b (and we will say that
he comes to *explain* the Tana Kama, and not to argue with him), because
there, it speaks when there is only *one* Mavoy, and it is definitely to
their advantage to participate in the Eruv. Maybe *there*, the Chachamim
will agree with Rebbi Yehudah that Eruv Chatzeros does not need the
consent of all the participants.
(c) In fact though, the Rabbanan disagree with Rebbi Yehudah entirely -
because, according to them, the food for the Eruv Chatzeros must be given
on the understanding that any of the participants may eat it; for *that*,
the owner's consent is always necessary.
8)
(a) The minimum Shiur for Eruvei Chatzeros ...
1. ... by a large family ... is eighteen Gerogeros (the amount of two
meals for one person) - for a family of eighteen or more (even though this
will amount to less than one Gerogeres per person).
2. ... by a small family (less than eighteen people) - one Gerogeres per
person is required (even though this amounts to less than two meals in
total). We go Lekula both ways.
(b) According to Rebbi Yossi - as long as the Eruv consisted of the
required amount of food at the outset, it is Kasher even if it later
diminished.
9)
(a) According to Rebbi Yehoshua - only whole loaves may be used for
Eruvei Chatzeros or Shitufei Mavu'os.
(b) It makes no difference, according to him, whether one loaf is used, or
many loaves.
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