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1) GIVING A LEG TO A NOCHRI

(a) (Mishnah): One may send a leg to a Nochri with the Gid ha'Nasheh inside, because it is evident that it was not removed.
(b) (Gemara) Inference: One may send only a whole leg, not a piece with the Gid inside.
(c) Question: What is the case?

1. Suggestion: (In this place) they do not announce in the meat market when an animal is found to be Tereifah.
2. Rejection: If so, one may send even a piece, for a Yisrael can never buy from a Nochri (lest it is a Tereifah)!
3. Suggestion: (In this place) they announce in the meat market that an animal was found to be Tereifah.
4. Rejection: If so, one should not send even a whole leg, lest the Nochri cut it and a Yisrael will buy a piece!

(d) Answer: We can explain the Mishnah in either place:

1. In a place where they announce, we are not concerned lest the Nochri cut it and a Yisrael will buy a piece, for one can recognize the way Yisraelim cut meat to remove the Gid.
2. In a place where they do not announce, Chachamim forbid Reuven to send a piece to a Nochri (without removing the Gid), lest another Yisrael will see and buy it from the Nochri (assuming it is permitted.)

i. Alternatively, it is forbidden because this deceives the Nochri (he will think that Reuven gave him something Reuven himself would eat.)
ii. (Shmuel): It is forbidden to deceive people, even Nochrim.

(e) Shmuel did not say this explicitly, it was inferred from something he said.

1. Shmuel was on a ferry; he asked his servant to pay the ferryman. He was disturbed by the way his servant did this.
2. Question: Why was he upset?
3. Answer #1 (Abaye): His servant gave the ferryman a Tereifah chicken under the pretense that it was Kosher.
4. Answer #2 (Rava): Shmuel told him to give the ferryman Anafka (undiluted wine), and he gave him mixed wine.

(f) Question: What difference does it make whether or not Shmuel explicitly said that it is forbidden to deceive?
(g) Answer: It is possible that he was upset for a different reason.

1. According to Abaye, perhaps Shmuel was upset that his servant was keeping around a Tereifah chicken, perhaps someone would come to eat it!
2. According to Rava, perhaps he was upset that his servant did not give Anafka, like he was told.

(a) (Beraisa - R. Meir): One should not insist that his friend Reuven eat by him, if he knows that Reuven will refuse;

1. He should not insist that he wants to give him a gift, if he knows that Reuven will not accept;

(b) If one opens barrels of wine in honor of a guest, and he already agreed to sell them to a grocer, he must inform the guest. (Usually, opening a barrel of wine causes a loss, for the wine will not last long; in this case, there is no loss, the grocer will sell it quickly.)
(c) One should not give an empty flask to a guest and offer him to anoint;

1. If these are done to honor the guest in front of others, it is permitted.

(d) Question: But Ula visited Rav Yehudah, and Rav Yehudah opened barrels that he had sold to a grocer!
(e) Answer #1: Rav Yehudah informed Ula.
(f) Answer #2: Rav Yehudah loved Ula so much that he would have opened them even if they were not sold.
(g) (Beraisa): A person should not go to a mourner's house with a half-empty flask, nor should he fill it with water, for he deceives him (he thinks that it is full of wine);

1. One may do this to honor the mourner in front of many people.

(h) (Beraisa): One may not sell a sandal made from the hide of a Neveilah under the pretense that it is from a slaughtered animal, for two reasons:

1. This is deception;
2. It is dangerous (perhaps the Neveilah was bitten by a snake, the venom might damage the wearer.)

(i) One should not send a barrel of wine with oil floating on top.
(j) Version #1: A man once received such a barrel; he invited guests (thinking he had oil);

1. When he saw that he had no oil to serve them, he killed himself.

(k) Version #2 (according to Avos d'R. Noson): A man once received such a barrel (he was told that it is wine); he invited guests to drink.

1. When he saw the oil at the top, he thought there was a mistake, and that he had no wine to serve them; he killed himself.

(l) A guest may not give his portion to the host's children without permission.
(m) Ploni once invited three guests at a time of famine. Each gave his meager portion to Ploni's son. Ploni saw his son eating one of them and holding the other two; he hit him, and the son died. His mother then took her own life, and Ploni did the same.

(a) (Beraisa): If one sends a thigh to a Yisrael he need not remove the Gid; if he sends a piece, he must remove it;

1. If he sends to a Nochri, in either case he need not remove the Gid.

(b) We do not sell Neveilos or Tereifos to Nochrim for two reasons:

1. This is deception;
2. Perhaps they will resell it to a Yisrael.

(c) One should not give money to a Nochri to buy meat for two reasons:

1. Perhaps he will take the meat and not pay the money;
2. Perhaps the butcher will give him a Tereifah or Neveilah.

(d) Question: The Beraisa permits sending a thigh or a piece to a Nochri without removing the Gid - what is the case?

1. Suggestion: It is a place where they announce (when there is a Tereifah in the market.) 2. Rejection: Since they did not announce today, Yisraelim might buy meat from Nochrim, one should have to remove it!

(e) Answer: Rather, it is a place where they do not announce.
(f) Question: The next clause forbids selling Neveilos or Tereifos to Nochrim for two reasons - deception, and lest they will resell it to a Yisrael.

1. What is the case? 2. It cannot be a place where they do not announce, for there Yisraelim never buy meat from Nochrim!

(g) Answer: Rather, it is a place where they announce.
(h) Question (Seifa): One should not give money to a Nochri to buy meat for two reasons - perhaps he will take the meat without paying, and lest the butcher will give him a Tereifah or Neveilah.

1. What is the case?
2. Suggestion: It is a place where they announce.
3. Rejection: If so, we need not worry that he will be given a Tereifah, since there was no announcement today!

(i) Answer: Rather, it is a place where they do not announce.
(j) Question: The Reisha and Seifa are in places where they don't announce, and the middle clause is in a place where they do?!
(k) Answer #1 (Abaye): Correct!
(l) Answer #2 (Rava): The entire Beraisa is in a place where they announce;

1. In the Reisha and Seifa, there was an announcement that day; in the middle case, there was not.

(m) Answer #3 (Rav Ashi): The entire Beraisa is in a place where they do not announce;

1. The middle case is a decree, lest a Yisrael (Reuven) see a Nochri buy meat from a Yisrael - Reuven will assume that it is Kosher, and might buy the meat from the Nochri.

(n) Question: What do they announce when there is a Tereifah?
(o) Answer (Rav Yitzchak bar Yosef): They say, there is meat for the Nochrim.
(p) Question: Why not say 'There is a Tereifah for the Nochrim'?
(q) Answer: If so, they would not buy it (since they know it is unfit for us.)
(r) Question: The text we announce deceives them!
(s) Answer: No, they deceive themselves.

1. Mar Zutra bar Rav Nachman was travelling; he encountered Rav Safra and Rava.
2. Mar Zutra: You did not need to come so far to greet me!
3. Rav Safra: Really, we didn't know you were coming - had we known, we would have come further to greet you!
4. Rava (to Rav Safra): Why did you say that - it will make him feel bad.
5. Rav Safra: If not, we would have tricked him!
6. Rava: No - he tricked himself.