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Chulin 37

CHULIN 37-40 - sponsored by Dr. Lindsay A. Rosenwald of Lawrence NY, in honor of his father, David ben Aharon ha'Levy Rosenwald of blessed memory.

1) [line 3] MESUKENES - an animal that will soon die
2) [line 4] AD SHE'TEFARKES B'YAD UV'REGEL - until it makes convulsive, jerking motions with its foreleg and hind leg

3) [line 5] DAYAH IM ZINKAH - it is enough if the animal blew out air through its throat, causing blood to gush forth

4) [line 5] HA'SHOCHET BA'LAILAH - one who slaughters an animal at night [that was a Mesukenes, and he was not able to see if it was Mefarkes or not -- RASHI]

5) [line 6] KESALIM - the walls [of the neck, at the point where the Shechitah took place -- RASHI]

6) [line 8] SHE'TEKASHKESH BI'ZENAVAH - until it wags its tail

7a) [line 9] BEHEMAH DAKAH - small domesticated (farm) animals (such as sheep and goats)
b) [line 9] BEHEMAH GASAH - large, domesticated (farm) animals (such as cows)

8) [line 10] SHE'PASHTAH YADAH - that stuck out its foreleg
9) [line 16] CHAYAH ECHOL - eat an animal that would have lived [barring the Shechitah]
10) [line 17] V'HA MESUKENES EINAH CHAYAH MID'AMAR... - (the Girsa of DIKDUKEI SOFRIM #200 is "V'HA MESUKENES *HA LO* CHAYAH; *ELA MI'MAI D'SHARYA?* MID'AMAR...")

11) [line 18] "NEVEILAH LO SOCHEL" - (the Girsa should be "*LO SOCHLU CHOL NEVEILAH*" (Devarim 14:21) - YT)

12) [line 27] "TEREIFAH LO SOCHEL" - (the Girsa should be "TEREIFAH LO *SOCHELU*" (Shemos 22:30) - YT)

13) [line 35] "V'CHELEV NEVEILAH V'CHELEV TEREIFAH YE'ASEH L'CHOL MELACHAH V'ACHOL LO SOCHLUHU" - "And the [forbidden] fat of a Neveilah and the [forbidden] fat of a Tereifah shall be used for any purpose, but you may not eat it." (Vayikra 7:24)

14) [line 38] YAVO ISUR NEVEILAH V'YACHUL AL ISUR CHELEV (ISUR CHAL AL ISUR)
(a) An object that is already prohibited by one Isur Torah cannot become prohibited by a second one (Ein Isur Chal Al Isur). However, there are a number of possible exceptions to this principle (when we rule Isur Chal Al Isur) that are debated by the Tana'im (Chulin 101a):

1. Isur b'Vas Achas - Two Isurim may take effect at the same instant to prohibit the same object.
2. Isur Kollel - The second Isur may take effect if it includes objects that the first Isur did not (e.g. Yom ha'Kipurim prohibits not only the eating of Neveilos, but Kosher foods as well. Similarly, our Sugya mentions the Isurim of Neveilah and Tereifah, which prohibit not only the Chelev of the animal, but its meat, as well).
3. Isur Mosif - The second Isur may take effect if it adds a new dimension of Isur to the first (e.g. it prohibits the object to people who were not included in the first Isur, or it makes the object Asur b'Hana'ah and not just Asur to be eaten.)
4. Isur Chamur (according to Rebbi Yehudah) - A more stringent Isur can take effect on an object that is already prohibited by a less stringent Isur (e.g. the prohibition of Gid ha'Nasheh is more stringent than the prohibition of non-Kosher animals, since it applied to Benei Yakov when they were still permitted to eat non-Kosher animals).

(b) According to Rebbi Shimon, an object that is already prohibited can *never* become prohibited by another Isur, even if the second Isur is Kolel, Mosif or Chamur.

37b---------------------------------------37b

15) [line 10] SHE'ASA'AH GISTERA - he made it (an animal) into two (he cut it in half)

16) [line 11] PURTA - a little bit [of time]
17) [line 22] BESAR KOS KOS - the meat of an animal that was slaughtered because it was about to die ("Kos! Kos!" means "Slaughter! Slaughter!" This is said because the meat can be saved if the animal is slaughtered; if it dies without slaughter it will be Neveilah -- RASHI)

18) [line 25] SHE'LO HURMU MATNOSEHA (MATNOS KEHUNAH: ZERO'A LECHAYAYIM V'KEIVAH)
(a) Whenever a person slaughters cattle, sheep or goats (that are not Kodesh), he must give to a Kohen the Zero'a, Lechayayim and Keivah (the foreleg, the [lower] jaw, and the maw or abomasum [the last of a cow's four stomachs] (Devarim 18:3). 1. The ZERO'A consists of the two upper limbs of the right foreleg, from the knee until the top of the shoulder blade; 2. The LECHAYAYIM consists of the lower jaw, from the joint where it is attached to the upper jaw until the thyroid cartilage, including the tongue; 3. The KEIVAH consists of the maw together with its Chelev, but the Minhag of the Kohanim is to let the animal's owner keep the Chelev.
(b) Although one must give the Zero'a, Lechayayim and Keivah to a Kohen, they may be eaten by a non-Kohen.

19) [line 30] BIK'AYOS - chips of wood
20) [line 31] KOROS - wooden beams

21a) [line 31] B'SURA MASNEI HACHI - in Sura, they learned in this manner (i.e. in the manner taught above). Sura was a town in Southern Bavel between the canals, the seat of the great Yeshiva founded by Rav.
b) [line 32] B'FUMBEDISA MASNEI HACHI - in Pumbedisa, they learned thusly (as follows). Pumbedisa was a town in Bavel (lit. Mouth of Bedisa, a canal of the Euphrates), the location of a great Yeshiva that existed for approximately 800 years. The scholars of Pumbedisa were known for their keen intellect (Bava Metzia 38b). To emphasize its importance as a Torah center, Rabah and Rav Yosef stated that just as one is prohibited from leaving Eretz Yisrael to Chutz la'Aretz, so, too, is one prohibited to leave Pumbedisa (Kesuvos 111a).

22) [line 36] ASHKECHINHU - Shmuel found them (the students of Rav)

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